Mmene Mphamvu za Nyukiliya Zimagwirira Ntchito

Ku United States, magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a ma reactors ndi pressurized water reactors (PWR) ndipo ena onse ndi otentha madzi reactor (BWR).Mu chotenthetsera madzi otentha, chosonyezedwa pamwambapa, madzi amaloledwa kuwira mu nthunzi, kenako amatumizidwa kudzera mu turbine kuti apange magetsi.

Mu makina opangira madzi opanikizika, madzi apakati amachitidwa pansi pa kupanikizika ndipo samaloledwa kuwira.Kutentha kumasamutsidwa kumadzi kunja kwapakati ndi chotenthetsera kutentha (chomwe chimatchedwanso jenereta ya nthunzi), kuwira madzi akunja, kupanga nthunzi, ndi kupatsa mphamvu makina opangira magetsi.M'madzi opangira madzi opanikizika, madzi owiritsa amakhala osiyana ndi ndondomeko ya fission, choncho sakhala ndi radioactive.

Nthunziyo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu makina opangira magetsi, amaziziritsidwa kuti abwererenso m'madzi.Zomera zina zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi a m’mitsinje, m’nyanja kapena m’nyanja kuziziritsa nthunzi, pamene zina zimagwiritsa ntchito nsanja zazitali zozizirirapo.Zinsanja zozirala zooneka ngati ma hourglass ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha zomera zambiri za nyukiliya.Pagawo lililonse la magetsi opangidwa ndi fakitale ya nyukiliya, pafupifupi mayunitsi awiri a kutentha kwa zinyalala amakanidwa ku chilengedwe.

Malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amalonda amasiyana kukula kwake kuchokera pafupifupi megawati 60 kwa m'badwo woyamba wa zomera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, kufika pa ma megawati 1000.Zomera zambiri zimakhala ndi riyakitala yopitilira imodzi.Fakitale ya Palo Verde ku Arizona, mwachitsanzo, imapangidwa ndi ma reactor atatu osiyana, iliyonse ili ndi mphamvu ya 1,334 megawati.

Zopangira zina zakunja zimagwiritsa ntchito zoziziritsa kukhosi kupatula madzi kutengera kutentha kwa fission kutali ndi pakati.Ma reactors aku Canada amagwiritsa ntchito madzi odzaza ndi deuterium (otchedwa "madzi olemera"), pomwe ena amakhala atakhazikika.Chomera chimodzi ku Colorado, chomwe tsopano chatsekedwa kotheratu, chinagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa helium ngati choziziritsira (chotchedwa High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor).Zomera zingapo zimagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chamadzimadzi kapena sodium.