Mitundu ya radiation Non-ionizing radiation
Zitsanzo zina za ma radiation osatulutsa ionizing ndi kuwala kowoneka, mafunde a wailesi, ndi ma microwave (Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Ma radiation osakhala ndi ionizing ndi mphamvu yocheperako yomwe ilibe mphamvu zokwanira kuchotsa ma elekitironi ku maatomu kapena mamolekyu, kaya ndi zinthu kapena zamoyo.Komabe mphamvu zake zimatha kuchititsa kuti mamolekyuwa agwedezeke n’kutulutsa kutentha.Izi, mwachitsanzo, momwe uvuni wa microwave umagwirira ntchito.
Kwa anthu ambiri, ma radiation osatulutsa ionizing saika pachiwopsezo ku thanzi lawo.Komabe, ogwira ntchito omwe amakumana nthawi zonse ndi magwero ena osatulutsa ionizing angafunike njira zapadera zodzitetezera, mwachitsanzo, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa.
Zitsanzo zina za ma radiation osatulutsa ionizing ndi mafunde a wailesi ndi kuwala kowoneka.Kuwala kowoneka ndi mtundu wa radiation yopanda ionizing yomwe diso la munthu limatha kuzindikira.Ndipo mafunde a wailesi ndi mtundu wa ma radiation osatulutsa ionizing omwe sawoneka ndi maso athu ndi malingaliro ena, koma omwe amatha kuzindikirika ndi mawailesi achikhalidwe.
Ma radiation a ionizing
Zitsanzo zina za ma radiation a ionizing ndi mitundu ina ya chithandizo cha khansa pogwiritsa ntchito cheza cha gamma, ma X-ray, ndi ma radiation omwe amachokera ku zida zotulutsa ma radiation zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale a nyukiliya (Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Ma radiation a ionizing ndi mtundu wa ma radiation amphamvu kotero kuti amatha kutulutsa ma elekitironi kuchokera ku maatomu kapena mamolekyu, omwe amachititsa kusintha pamlingo wa atomiki polumikizana ndi zinthu kuphatikiza zamoyo.Kusintha koteroko nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kupanga ma ion (maatomu oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi kapena mamolekyu) - motero mawu akuti "ionizing" ma radiation.
Mlingo waukulu, ma radiation a ionizing amatha kuwononga maselo kapena ziwalo m'matupi athu kapena kufa.Pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndi Mlingo komanso njira zodzitetezera, ma radiation amtunduwu ali ndi ntchito zambiri zopindulitsa, monga kupanga mphamvu, m'makampani, pakufufuza komanso kuzindikira zachipatala komanso kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana, monga khansa.Ngakhale kuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka magwero a radiation ndi chitetezo cha radiation ndiudindo wadziko lonse, IAEA imapereka chithandizo kwa opanga malamulo ndi owongolera kudzera mundondomeko yokwanira yachitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi chomwe cholinga chake ndi kuteteza ogwira ntchito ndi odwala komanso anthu komanso chilengedwe ku zomwe zingatheke. zotsatira zoyipa za cheza ionizing.
Ma radiation osapanga ionizing ndi ionizing ali ndi kutalika kosiyanasiyana, komwe kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu zake.(Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA).
Sayansi yomwe imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa radioactive ndi ma radiation
Njira yomwe atomu ya radioactive imakhala yokhazikika potulutsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi mphamvu imatchedwa "radioactive decay".(Zojambula: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Ma radiation a ionizing amatha kuchokera, mwachitsanzo,maatomu osakhazikika (radioactive).pamene akusintha kukhala wokhazikika pamene akutulutsa mphamvu.
Ma atomu ambiri padziko lapansi ndi okhazikika, makamaka chifukwa cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono (manyutroni ndi ma protoni) pakati pawo (kapena nyukiliyasi).Komabe, m’mitundu ina ya maatomu osakhazikika, kapangidwe ka chiŵerengero cha ma protoni ndi manyuturoni mu nyukiliyasi yawo sikuwalola kugwirizanitsa tinthu ting’onoting’ono tomwe.Ma atomu osakhazikika oterowo amatchedwa "maatomu a radioactive".Ma atomu a radioactive akawola, amatulutsa mphamvu ngati cheza cha ionizing (mwachitsanzo tinthu tating’onoting’ono ta alpha, tinthu tating’onoting’ono ta beta, cheza cha gamma kapena ma neutroni), amene, akagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, amatha kupindula mosiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-11-2022