Kuwunika kwa radiation ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo m'malo omwe ma radiation a ionizing alipo. Ma radiation a ionizing, omwe amaphatikizapo ma radiation a gamma omwe amatulutsidwa ndi isotopu monga cesium-137, amaika ziwopsezo zazikulu zaumoyo, zomwe zimafunikira njira zowunikira. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika mfundo ndi njira zowunikira ma radiation, kuyang'ana kwambiri matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zina.radiationmkuyang'aniradzoipazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri .
Kumvetsetsa Ma radiation ndi Zotsatira Zake
Ma radiation a ionizing amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwake kuchotsa ma elekitironi omangidwa mwamphamvu kuchokera ku maatomu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena ayoni. Izi zitha kuwononga minyewa yachilengedwe, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri kapena zotsatira zanthawi yayitali monga khansa. Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa ma radiation ndikofunikira m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zipatala, malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya, ndi malo oyang'anira chitetezo m'malire.
Mfundo Zoyang'anira Ma radiation
Mfundo yofunikira pakuwunika kwa ma radiation imaphatikizapo kuzindikira ndikuwunika kupezeka kwa ma radiation ya ionizing m'malo omwe mwapatsidwa. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito zowunikira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayankhira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma radiation, kuphatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta alpha, tinthu ta beta, cheza cha gamma, ndi ma neutroni. Kusankhidwa kwa chowunikira kumadalira ntchito yeniyeni komanso mtundu wa radiation yomwe ikuyang'aniridwa.
Zowunikira Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Powunika Ma radiation
1. Pulasitiki Scintillators:
Plastic scintillators ndi zowunikira zosunthika zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazowunikira zosiyanasiyana. Chikhalidwe chawo chopepuka komanso chokhazikika chimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera pazida zonyamulika. Pamene ma radiation a gamma alumikizana ndi scintillator, amatulutsa kuwala komwe kumatha kuzindikirika ndikuzindikirika. Katunduyu amalola kuwunika koyenera kwa ma radiation munthawi yeniyeni, ndikupanga ma scintillator apulasitiki kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwinoRPMmachitidwe.
2. He-3 Gas Proportional Counter:
He-3 gas proportional counter idapangidwa makamaka kuti izindikire ma neutroni. Imagwira ntchito podzaza chipinda ndi mpweya wa helium-3, womwe umakhudzidwa ndi kuyanjana kwa neutroni. Neutroni ikagundana ndi phata la helium-3, imatulutsa tinthu tambiri tomwe timapanga mpweya, zomwe zimatsogolera ku chizindikiro chamagetsi choyezera. Chowunikira chamtunduwu ndi chofunikira kwambiri m'malo omwe ma radiation ya neutroni ndizovuta, monga zida za nyukiliya ndi malo opangira kafukufuku.
3. Zowunikira za sodium Iodide (NaI):
Zowunikira za sodium iodide zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwunika kwa gamma-ray ndi kuzindikira kwa nuclide. Zowunikirazi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku krustalo ya sodium iodide yokhala ndi thallium, yomwe imatulutsa kuwala pamene ma radiation a gamma alumikizana ndi kristalo. Kuwala komwe kumatulutsa kumasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi, kulola kuzindikiritsa ma isotopu enieni kutengera siginecha yawo yamphamvu. Zowunikira za NaI ndizofunikira kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuzindikirika bwino kwa zida zotulutsa ma radio.
4. Zowerengera za Tube za Geiger-Müller (GM):
Zowerengera za GM tube ndi zina mwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika ma radiation. Ndiwothandiza pozindikira ma X-ray ndi gamma ray. Chubu cha GM chimagwira ntchito mwa ionizing mpweya mkati mwa chubu pamene ma radiation amadutsamo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azitha kuyeza. Ukadaulo uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama dosimeter amunthu ndi ma mita owunikira pamanja, kupereka ndemanga zaposachedwa pamiyezo yokhudzana ndi ma radiation.
Kufunika Kowunika Kuwunika kwa Ma radiation pa Moyo Watsiku ndi Tsiku
Kuyang'anira ma radiation sikungotengera malo apadera; ndi mbali yofunika ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kukhalapo kwa ma radiation achilengedwe, komanso magwero opangira azachipatala ndi ntchito zamafakitale, kumafuna kuwunika kosalekeza kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu. Mabwalo a ndege, madoko, ndi malo olowera komweko ali ndi zida zapamwamba zowunikira ma radiation kuti ateteze kunyamula kosaloledwa kwa zida zotulutsa ma radiation, potero zimateteza anthu onse komanso chilengedwe.
Nthawi zambiriUsedRadiationMkuyang'aniraDzoipa
1. Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM):
RPMsndi makina otsogola opangidwira kuyang'anira zenizeni zenizeni zenizeni zama radiation a gamma ndi ma neutroni. Nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pamalo olowera monga ma eyapoti, madoko, ndi masitomu kuti azindikire kunyamula kosaloledwa kwa zida zotulutsa ma radio. Ma RPM nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma scintillator apulasitiki amphamvu kwambiri, omwe amatha kuzindikira kuwala kwa gamma chifukwa chakumva kwawo komanso nthawi yoyankha mwachangu. Njira ya scintillation imaphatikizapo kutulutsa kwa kuwala pamene ma radiation amagwirizana ndi zinthu zapulasitiki, zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi kuti chifufuze.
2. Chidziwitso cha Radioisotope (RIID):
(RIID)ndi chida chowunikira nyukiliya chozikidwa pa chowunikira cha sodium iodide ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa digito wa nyukiliya wa nyukiliya.Chida ichi chimaphatikiza chowunikira cha sodium iodide (low potaziyamu), chomwe sichimapereka chidziwitso chofanana ndi mlingo wa chilengedwe komanso kupezeka kwa magwero a radioactive komanso Kuzindikiritsa ma nuclides ambiri achilengedwe komanso ochita kupanga.
3.Electronic Personal Dosimeter (EPD):
Dosimeter yamunthundi chipangizo chophatikizika, chowoneka bwino chowunikira ma radiation opangidwira anthu ogwira ntchito m'malo omwe amatha kukhala ndi ma radiation. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chojambulira chubu cha Geiger-Müller (GM), mawonekedwe ake ang'onoang'ono amathandizira kuvala kosalekeza kwanthawi yayitali pakuwunika kwenikweni kwa kuchuluka kwa ma radiation ndi kuchuluka kwa mlingo. Kuwonetseredwa kupitilira ma alarm omwe adayikidwa kale, chipangizocho chimachenjeza mwiniwakeyo nthawi yomweyo, kuwawonetsa kuti atuluke pamalo owopsa.
Mapeto
Mwachidule, kuyang'anira ma radiation ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zowunikira zosiyanasiyana kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo m'malo omwe ma radiation a ionizing alipo. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma Radiation Portal Monitors, pulasitiki scintillators, He-3 gas proportional counters, sodium iodide detectors, ndi GM tube counters ndi chitsanzo cha njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zilipo zodziwira ndi kuwerengera ma radiation. Kumvetsetsa mfundo ndi matekinoloje omwe amatsata kuyan'anila ma radiation ndikofunikira poteteza thanzi la anthu komanso kusunga miyezo yachitetezo m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Pamene ukadaulo ukupitilirabe patsogolo, kuchita bwino komanso kuchita bwino kwa makina owunikira ma radiation mosakayikira kudzayenda bwino, kukulitsa luso lathu lozindikira ndikuyankha kuwopseza kwamagetsi munthawi yeniyeni.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-24-2025