Ma radiation osawoneka, udindo wowoneka
Pa April 26, 1986, 1:23 m’maŵa, anthu okhala ku Pripyat kumpoto kwa Ukraine anadzutsidwa ndi phokoso lalikulu. Mphamvu ya nyukiliya nambala 4 ya Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant inaphulika, ndipo matani 50 a mafuta a nyukiliya anaphwera nthawi yomweyo, kutulutsa mpweya wa bomba la atomiki la Hiroshima kuŵirikiza 400. Ogwira ntchito pamalo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya komanso ozimitsa moto oyamba omwe adafika adakumana ndi ma 30,000 a radiation yakupha pa ola limodzi popanda chitetezo chilichonse - ndipo ma roentgens a 400 omwe amatengedwa ndi thupi la munthu ndiwokwanira kupha.
Tsoka limeneli linayambitsa ngozi yoopsa kwambiri ya nyukiliya m’mbiri ya anthu. Ozimitsa moto 28 adamwalira ndi matenda oopsa a radiation m'miyezi itatu yotsatira. Anamwalira ndi ululu woopsa ndi khungu lakuda, zilonda zam'kamwa, ndi tsitsi. Patatha maola 36 ngoziyi itachitika, anthu 130,000 anakakamizika kuchoka m’nyumba zawo.
Patapita zaka 25, pa March 11, 2011, maziko a malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya a Fukushima Daiichi ku Japan anasungunuka ndi tsunami yomwe inayambitsa chivomezicho. Mafunde otalika mamita 14 anathyola khoma la nyanja, ndipo ma reactors atatu anaphulika chimodzi pambuyo pa chimzake, ndipo ma becquerel 180 thililiyoni a radioactive cesium 137 anatsanuliridwa m’nyanja ya Pacific nthawi yomweyo. Mpaka lero, malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amasungabe madzi otayirira opitilira 1.2 miliyoni, kukhala lupanga la Damocles lopachikidwa pazachilengedwe zam'madzi.
Kuvulala kosachiritsika
Pambuyo pa ngozi ya Chernobyl, dera la makilomita 2,600 linakhala malo odzipatula. Asayansi amayerekezera kuti padzatenga zaka masauzande ambiri kuti athetseretu cheza cha nyukiliya m’derali, ndipo madera ena angafunikire ngakhale zaka 200,000 za kuyeretsedwa kwa chilengedwe kuti akwaniritse miyezo ya moyo wa anthu.
Malinga ndi United Nations, ngozi ya Chernobyl idayambitsa:
93,000 amafa
Anthu 270,000 adadwala matenda monga khansa
Malo okwana masikweya kilomita 155,000 anali oipitsidwa
Anthu 8.4 miliyoni adakhudzidwa ndi radiation
Mu Fukushima, ngakhale akuluakulu ananena kuti cheza m'madzi ozungulira anali atatsika ku "mlingo otetezeka", asayansi akadali zindikirani isotopes radioactive monga carbon 14, cobalt 60 ndi strontium 90 mu madzi otayidwa ankachitira mu 2019. Zinthu zimenezi mosavuta kulemeretsa zamoyo za m'madzi, ndi ndende ya cobalt 0 0 sedi 0 0 sedi 360 kuwonjezeka cobalt 0 sedi nthawi.
Zowopsa zosawoneka ndi chitetezo chowoneka
Pa masoka amenewa, chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri chimachokera ku radiation yomwe sitingathe kuiwona ndi maso. Kumayambiriro kwa ngozi ya Chernobyl, panalibe ngakhale chida chimodzi chomwe chikanatha kuyeza molondola kuchuluka kwa ma radiation, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri opulumutsa anthu akumane ndi cheza chakupha popanda kudziwa.
Ndi maphunziro opwetekawa omwe apangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo wowunikira ma radiation. Masiku ano, zida zowunikira zowunikira komanso zodalirika zakhala "maso" ndi "makutu" a chitetezo cha zida za nyukiliya, kupanga chotchinga chaukadaulo pakati pa ziwopsezo zosawoneka ndi chitetezo cha anthu.
Ntchito ya Shanghai Renji ndikupanga "maso" awa kuti ateteze chitetezo cha anthu. Tikudziwa kuti:
• Muyezo uliwonse wolondola wa ma microsievers ungapulumutse moyo
• Chenjezo lililonse la panthawi yake likhoza kupewa ngozi ya chilengedwe
• Chida chilichonse chodalirika chikuteteza nyumba yathu wamba
Kuchokerazida zowunikira zachilengedwe komanso zachigawo to zida zoyendera ma radiation, kuchokera ku zida zoyezera ma labotale kupita ku zida za ionizing radiation, kuchokera ku zida zoteteza ma radiation kupita ku nsanja zowunikira ma radiation, kuchokera pazida zowunikira ma radioactivity ngati njira kupita ku zida zowunikira zadzidzidzi ndi chitetezo cha nyukiliya, mzere wazogulitsa wa Renji umakhudza mbali zonse zowunikira chitetezo cha nyukiliya. Ukadaulo wathu umatha kuzindikira zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri za zinthu zotulutsa ma radio, monganso kuzindikiritsa dontho lamadzi osadziwika bwino padziwe losambira.
Kubadwanso Kwinakwake Kutsoka: Zipangizo zamakono zimateteza zam'tsogolo
M'dera la Chernobyl, mimbulu inasintha majini odana ndi khansa, ndipo njira zawo zotetezera chitetezo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala atsopano, kutsimikizira kuti masoka amalimbikitsa chisinthiko chokhazikika. Pansi pa mthunzi wa masoka a nyukiliya, kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo ndi udindo sikunangopanga chozizwitsa choteteza moyo, komanso kukonzanso tsogolo lakukhala limodzi ndi ma radiation. Timakhulupirira kuti ukadaulo ndi udindo zitha kupanganso zozizwitsa kuti ziteteze moyo.
Pambuyo pa ngozi ya Fukushima, gulu la asayansi lapadziko lonse lapansi linakhazikitsa njira yowunikira ma radiation a trans-Pacific. Kupyolera mu zida zowunikira kwambiri, njira zophatikizira za cesium 134 ndi cesium 137 zidatsatiridwa, zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakufufuza zachilengedwe zam'madzi. Mzimu uwu wa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso chitetezo chaukadaulo ndiye ndendende mtengo womwe Renji amalimbikitsa.
Masomphenya a Shanghai Renji ndi omveka bwino: kukhala wojambula wachilengedwe chachilengedwe pantchito yozindikira ma radiation. "Kutumikira anthu ndi sayansi ndi teknoloji ndikupanga malo atsopano otetezedwa ndi ma radiation" ndi ntchito yathu.
Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu zonse za nyukiliya kukhala zotetezeka komanso zowongoka, ndikupangitsa kuti chiwopsezo chilichonse cha radiation chiwonekere. Sitimangopereka zida zokha, komanso timapereka njira zothetsera mavuto onse kuyambira pakuwunika mpaka kusanthula, kuti ukadaulo wa nyukiliya upinduledi anthu motetezeka.
Zalembedwa kumapeto
Masoka a nyukiliya a mbiri yakale amatichenjeza kuti: mphamvu ya nyukiliya ili ngati lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Pokhapokha ndi mantha komanso chishango chaukadaulo titha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake.
Pafupi ndi mabwinja a Chernobyl, nkhalango yatsopano ikukula molimbika. Pagombe la Fukushima, asodzi anaponyanso maukonde awo a chiyembekezo. Chilichonse chimene anthu angachite kuti athane ndi tsokali n’chosasiyana ndi kutsatira mfundo za chitetezo ndiponso kukhulupirira luso lazopangapanga.
Shanghai Renji ndi wokonzeka kukhala woyang'anira paulendo wautali uwu - kumanga mzere wotetezera ndi zida zolondola komanso kuteteza ulemu wa moyo ndi luso lopanda malire. Chifukwa muyeso uliwonse wa milliroentgen umanyamula ulemu wa moyo; kukhala chete kulikonse kwa alamu ndi ulemu ku nzeru za munthu.
Ma radiation ndi osawoneka, koma chitetezo chilibe malire!
Ma radiation osawoneka, udindo wowoneka
Pa April 26, 1986, 1:23 m’maŵa, anthu okhala ku Pripyat kumpoto kwa Ukraine anadzutsidwa ndi phokoso lalikulu. Mphamvu ya nyukiliya nambala 4 ya Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant inaphulika, ndipo matani 50 a mafuta a nyukiliya anaphwera nthawi yomweyo, kutulutsa mpweya wa bomba la atomiki la Hiroshima kuŵirikiza 400. Ogwira ntchito pamalo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya komanso ozimitsa moto oyamba omwe adafika adakumana ndi ma 30,000 a radiation yakupha pa ola limodzi popanda chitetezo chilichonse - ndipo ma roentgens a 400 omwe amatengedwa ndi thupi la munthu ndiwokwanira kupha.
Tsoka limeneli linayambitsa ngozi yoopsa kwambiri ya nyukiliya m’mbiri ya anthu. Ozimitsa moto 28 adamwalira ndi matenda oopsa a radiation m'miyezi itatu yotsatira. Anamwalira ndi ululu woopsa ndi khungu lakuda, zilonda zam'kamwa, ndi tsitsi. Patatha maola 36 ngoziyi itachitika, anthu 130,000 anakakamizika kuchoka m’nyumba zawo.
Patapita zaka 25, pa March 11, 2011, maziko a malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya a Fukushima Daiichi ku Japan anasungunuka ndi tsunami yomwe inayambitsa chivomezicho. Mafunde otalika mamita 14 anathyola khoma la nyanja, ndipo ma reactors atatu anaphulika chimodzi pambuyo pa chimzake, ndipo ma becquerel 180 thililiyoni a radioactive cesium 137 anatsanuliridwa m’nyanja ya Pacific nthawi yomweyo. Mpaka lero, malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amasungabe madzi otayirira opitilira 1.2 miliyoni, kukhala lupanga la Damocles lopachikidwa pazachilengedwe zam'madzi.
Kuvulala kosachiritsika
Pambuyo pa ngozi ya Chernobyl, dera la makilomita 2,600 linakhala malo odzipatula. Asayansi amayerekezera kuti padzatenga zaka masauzande ambiri kuti athetseretu cheza cha nyukiliya m’derali, ndipo madera ena angafunikire ngakhale zaka 200,000 za kuyeretsedwa kwa chilengedwe kuti akwaniritse miyezo ya moyo wa anthu.
Malinga ndi United Nations, ngozi ya Chernobyl idayambitsa:
93,000 amafa
Anthu 270,000 adadwala matenda monga khansa
Malo okwana masikweya kilomita 155,000 anali oipitsidwa
Anthu 8.4 miliyoni adakhudzidwa ndi radiation
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-20-2025